Apparatus for electric lighting.



I 11.0. HEWITT; APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING. APPLICATION FILED IA! 3, 1902. BEIEWED APR. 15, 1908.-

901,294. v I Patented Oct. 13,1903.

imeoaea I I v noenl oz a v v "a A-n: Strung h U N I'll-"ED STATES PATENT OFFICE. PETER COOPER HEWITT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSI GN OR, RY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

COOPER HEWITT ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION NEW YORK.

srraaarns roa anaemic Home.

No. 901,294. I Specification of Letter! Patent. Patented Oct. 13,

Original application filed April. 5, 1900, Serial No. 11,008. Dlvlded and this application filed by 8, 1902,

Burial No. 106,788. Renewed April 16,1906. Serial No. Q'LML To iill whom it may concern:

Be it lmown that I, PnrnaCoorna HEW bon or other solid filamentv lamp connected In, a citizen of theUnited-States, and a" in series or parallel therewith, but'so located resident of New York, inthe county of New i as to have its rays-mingle with those of the certain new and useful-Improvements inA l My inventionriit illustrated in the accom- 60 paratus for Electric Lighting, of which t e I panying drawings, in which 3 ollowmg is a specificatlo l Elgure 1 shows a mercury vapor lamp in- My invention relates to improvements in series with an" ordinary incandescent lamp i electric lightmg pparatus in which electric 5 and Fig; 2 illustrates a mercury vapor lamp 5b mercury spectrum.

energy is employed for producing light I in parallel with an ordinary incandescent 65 through the agency of vapors and gases. lamp, showing also adiagram of a system In another application filed by me, April starting circuits which may be employediin' 5th, 1900, Seria' Number 11,605, I have deconnection with the former. 7 scribed a form of vapor or gas electric lamp- Referring to Fig. 1, a tube, 1, of glass is inwhich agood conducting path is formed shown aseontaini two electrodes, 2 and 5. 70 for currents of moderate potential, and The electrode'2 is hereshown as consisting of whichfis capable of regulating within itself 'a solid body which-"is conductive under the current flowing, so that it is suited for pro r condition. The electrode 5 consists. general use upon commercial circuits. One 1n t 's instance ofabody of mercury. Lead-f of the materials sometimes em loyed for the ing-iri-wirs, 7 and 8, respectivel connect 75" light emitting medium in the amp referred with the two electrodes through t e walls of rcandescent lamp such, for instance, as a car- 55 to 1s mercury vapor. The spectrum of merthe glass. Adjacent to or in proper relation cury is deficient in red rays, and for some with the tube l'isan ordinary incandescent classes of lighting an abundance of red rays lamp 11. The tube 1 is shown as provided is desirable. with a bulb 4 which may be used as a cooling 80 My present invention aims to combine and impurit containing chamber, or may with a amp having a vapor or gas yielding be dispensed with under-certain conditions. a spectrum lacking certain rays, another It is usually desirable that the chamber 4 lamp which will produce the rays not proshould be out of the conducting vapor path.

duced by the first. 1 The two lamps shown in Fig. 1 are con- 85. For convenience of description, it will be nected in series. In the operation of this assumed that a lamp is employed in which class of vapor lamps, it is sometimes desirthe main portion of'the light is produced by able that a steadying resistance be connected mercury vapors and thatit is desired to su in series with the vapor lamps, and in such plement it with a spectrum having a sulfiinstances the incandescent lamp, connected cient abundance of red rays. as in Fig. 1, well serves this purpose.

The present application is a division of an .To render the gas or, vapor lamps suitable gpt lication N 0. 11,608, filed by me on the for general use u on commercial circuits, 1t day of April, 1900, the prior application is desirable that t ey should receive currents illustrating and describmg an a par'atus in under the influence of moderate electromowhich the above described res t is accomtive forces and possess within themselves the plished by combining or associating with the capacity of self regulation with respect to the mercury vapor, a vapor or gas such, for inamount of current received. I have found 45 stance, as n trogen, helium, or on, which that lamps may be made which will'conduct 7 also 1s to beagted uponjby, the e e'ctric'curcurrent at low potentials and withinrequisitevl qq rents s to prddli le y in ad ti nsumts, ,pro'portioaalge;gthegele tromotiyei such other rays as'are'containedin its ec force app 'ed in such nifimerasto'be self,

, trum, thereby supplying the deficidncy o the regulating and highly efficient. iThgeiieial I plan of manufacture is to thorou hlycleanse In the present application, I show and de-- the tubes or receptacles by a kalies and scribe means for accomplishing the d'esiled proper acids, then exhaust them bypassing result by combining withsuch a liimp 'is the electric currents through them during the mercury vapor lamp an ordinary form of in- 1 process of'exhaustion. The lamp is further treated by properly heating the electrodes and creating such chemical reactions therein as would be liable to take place in use, and drawing ofl the impurities and deleterious materials and subjecting the lamps while in the process of manufacture to the class of currents with which they are to be operated, and introducing within the tubes, the proper amount of vapor or light emitting materials. In the present application claims are not made upon the method of constructing the lamps, and, it will not be necessary to enter more in detail into the method of construction and manufacture.

For the purpose of starting lamps of this character, it is usually desirable to employ an initial higher potential for producing within the lamp such a condition on the part of the vapor as Will cause it to receive currents of the potential with which it is designed to be operated. To accomplish this any convenient arrangement of circuits may be employed, and in Fig. 2, wherein I illustrate a mercury vapor lamp in parallel with an incandescent lamp, I have shown one organization of such circuits.

The lamps 1 and 11 are connected across main circuit conductors 24 and 25. In the conductor- 20 there is included the coil 22 of a suitable spark-coil or reactive device, the core of which is represented at 23. A con ductor 26, including a switch 27, leads from one terminal of the coil 22 to the main con ductor 25, the arrangement being such that the coil 22 may be placed in closed shunt across the circuit 24, 25. A suitable con denser 28, of any desired form, is connected in shunt around the switch 27. When the switch is closed, an electric circuit is"com pleted through the coil 22, and upon breaking the conductor 26 a high difference of potential is established at the terminals of the lamp 1, and the result of this is to create such a condition on the part of the vapor column as to cause the current from the con ductors 24 and 25 to How easily through the lamp and operate it.

Referring again to Fig. 2, a switch, 30, is introduced into the conductor 20. A switch, 33, is also introduced into a conductor 35 running from the main conductor, 24, and also containing a resistance, 34. The con ductor 35 is connected beyond the switch to the conductor 20.

In still another application filed January 18, 1908, Serial Number 411,384 as a division of the same parent application above referred to, claims are made upon other features of the system herein disclosed.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a U-shaped vapor lamp having electrodes, at least one of which is vaporizable, the operating )osition of the said lamp being one in which t 1e arms of the U are lower than the bend, of a cooling chamber located above'the bend and a neck or constricted portion connecting the cooling chamber and the main body of the lamp.

2. In combination, a vapor lamp in the shape of an are or arch, the said lamp being adapted to give a definite spectrum, and a lam adapted to give a different spectrum, the l ast named lamp being located within the are or arch of the other lamp.

3. In combination, a mercury vapor lamp, in the shape of an are or arch, and an incandescent lam in series therewith, the said incandescent iamp being located within the are or arch of the mercury vapor lamp.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York, this 23rd day of April, A. D. 1902.

PETER GOOIER HEWITT. Witnesses:

' WM. H. CAPEL,

GEORGE H. STOOKBRIDGE. 

